China’s Private Security Forces in Pakistan: A New Geopolitical Shift?
- India International Affairs Pakistan South Asia South China Sea
Shreya Naskar- 0
- 6 minutes read
For the first time, China has deployed private security personnel in Pakistan to safeguard its investments, workers, and infrastructure projects, particularly those linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This development comes amid escalating security concerns following multiple terrorist attacks targeting Chinese nationals and projects in Pakistan. Beijing’s decision underscores the growing risks its personnel face, particularly in volatile regions like Balochistan and Sindh. However, the move also raises questions about Pakistan’s sovereignty and China’s long-term strategic interests in South Asia. China and Pakistan share a close strategic partnership, often labelled as an “all-weather friendship.” Their collaboration spans military, economic, and infrastructural ties, with China investing heavily in Pakistan under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The CPEC—a $62 billion infrastructure project—remains central to this cooperation, linking China’s Xinjiang province to Pakistan’s Gwadar port. However, China’s growing presence in Pakistan has made it a target for militant groups, particularly Baloch insurgents and extremist factions opposing foreign influence. Several high-profile attacks have heightened Beijing’s security concerns:
- April 2022: A suicide bombing at Karachi University killed three Chinese nationals.
- July 2021: A bus carrying Chinese engineers to the Dasu hydropower project was bombed, resulting in multiple casualties.
- 2023-2024: Intensified militant attacks on CPEC projects, particularly in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
- Recent Attacks: Baloch militants recently bombed a Pakistani military bus, claiming at least 90 casualties, and hijacked the Jafar Express, allegedly killing 214 hostages.
With these escalating threats, China has taken matters into its own hands by deploying security personnel to protect its citizens and infrastructure. China has hired private security firms to safeguard its nationals and CPEC projects. The firms include: DeWe Security, Frontier Services Group (FSG) (linked to former Blackwater CEO Erik Prince), China Overseas Security Group (COSG)
Functions of These Private Security Firms:
- Protection of Chinese Engineers and Workers – Escorting personnel across project sites and high-risk areas.
- Guarding Key CPEC Projects – Including Gwadar Port, hydropower plants, and highways.
- Surveillance & Intelligence Gathering – Monitoring potential threats and ensuring quick response to security breaches.
The first batch of 60 Chinese security personnel has already been deployed to two CPEC power projects in Sindh. Intelligence reports suggest they are stationed in a ‘first security circle’ to minimize Chinese nationals’ interaction with outsiders. A second security layer, managed by the Pakistani army, ensures broader protection. Approximately 30,000 Chinese security personnel are estimated to be operating in Pakistan, particularly in sensitive regions like Balochistan and Gwadar. Beyond private security forces, China is also strengthening Pakistan’s military infrastructure, particularly along the Line of Control (LoC) with India. This includes the construction of military bunkers and fortifications for Pakistani troops. Supply of UAVs and drones for reconnaissance missions. Encrypted communication systems to enhance battlefield coordination. Advanced radar systems to monitor Indian military movements. China’s military involvement in Pakistan aligns with its broader strategic interests in South Asia, where it seeks to counterbalance India’s influence.
Implications for India: A Strategic Concern?
China’s growing military presence in Pakistan presents a dual threat to India: Encirclement Strategy (“String of Pearls”) – China’s increasing influence in Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan suggests a strategic encirclement of India. Enhanced Pakistan-China Military Ties – Strengthening Pakistan’s defence capabilities against India may escalate regional tensions. Potential Intelligence Operations – China’s intelligence operations in Pakistan could extend into Indian territory, posing a serious security risk. With China’s deepening involvement in Pakistan’s military affairs, India must carefully assess whether these developments could lead to heightened security risks along its western borders.
The deployment of Chinese security personnel raises an important question: Is Pakistan losing control over its security?
Traditionally, sovereign nations do not allow foreign forces—especially private security firms—to operate within their borders. China’s decision to directly protect its interests signals a lack of confidence in Pakistan’s ability to safeguard foreign investments and workers. While Pakistan’s military officially oversees security, Beijing’s actions indicate growing distrust, leading it to take matters into its own hands.
China’s deployment of private security forces in Pakistan marks a significant shift in its approach to protecting overseas investments. While the move ensures greater security for CPEC projects, it also raises concerns over: Pakistan’s ability to manage its security. China’s growing military influence in South Asia. The potential impact on regional stability, particularly for India. As China expands its role in Pakistan, its long-term strategic intentions remain uncertain. Will this move enhance security, or is it the beginning of a larger plan to extend Beijing’s control in the region?
